Towns conquer: a gamified application to collect geographical names (vernacular names/toponyms)

The traditional model for geospatial crowd sourcing asks the public to use their free time collecting geospatial data for no obvious reward. This model has shown to work very well on projects such as Open Street Map, but comes with some clear disadvantages such as reliance on small communities of ‘Neo-geographers’ and variability in quality and content of collected data. This project aims at tackling these problems by providing alternative motivation specifically a smartphone based computer game service. Geographical names (vernacular names/ toponyms) have been identified as potential targets as they are difficult to collect on a large scale and easy to collect locally, thus ideal for crowd sourcing. The data set will be a toponyms database provided by the Spanish National Geographic Institute (IGN Spain). A location based game is targeted as it is easy to guide data collection with in-game rewards (prizes, points, badges etc.). Android is chosen for its accessible API and wide use

Radiocirugía estereotáctica: indicaciones y situación en España

Este informe tiene por objetivo la actualización de las indicaciones y resultados de la Radiocirugía Estereotáctica, una tecnología emergente para el tratamiento de malformaciones arteriovenosas y tumores cerebrales. El origen de este informe es un trabajo original realizado por los doctores M. A. Pérez Espejo, L. D. Lunsford, S. Somaza, D. S. Kondziolka y M. Poza. Dicho informe revisa la literatura científica recuperada en MEDLINE y la aportada por la compañía “Elekta Instruments, Inc.” hasta 1995 sobre los resultados de la Radiocirugía Estereotáctica en las principales indicaciones. Asimismo, se aporta información suministrada por los debates, presentaciones y conclusiones del Tercer Congreso de la “Internacional Stereotactic Radiosurge ry Society”, celebrado en Madrid del 25 al 28 de junio de 1997.Introducción, Concepto y fundamentos de radiocirugía estereotáctica Técnicas de radiocirugía estereotáctica, Procedimientos de radiocirugía estereotáctica “Gamma Knife”, Aceleradores lineales, Procedimientos para los que la radiocirugía supone una alternativa, Indicaciones, Malformaciones arteriovenosas, Tumores cerebrales, Neurinoma del acústico, Metástasis cerebrales, Meningioma, Tumores pituitarios, Gliomas malignos, Otros tumores, Otras indicaciones, Eficacia de la radiocirugía estereotáctica. Resultados clínicos, Malformaciones arteriovenosas, Tumores cerebrales, Meningioma, Neurinoma del acústico, Metástasis cerebrales, Glioma maligno, Otros tumores, Otras indicaciones, Situación en España, Prevalencia de patologías susceptibles de radiocirugía estereotáctica, Unidades en funcionamiento y actividad de radiocirugía estereotáctica en España, Criterios de un centro de radiocirugía estereotáctica, Valoración de necesidades y perspectivas, Conclusiones, Bibliografía seleccionad

Diagnóstico de las lesiones mamarias detectadas en cribado poblacional de cáncer de mama mediante mamografía . ABBI: nuevo instrumento de biopsia histológica por punción

El presente documento presenta una revisión narrativa de los procedimientos de diagnóstico de lesiones mamarias detectadas en cribado poblacional de cáncer de mama mediante mamografía y analiza los procedimientos de punción biopsia con aguja gruesa.Diagnóstico de lesiones mamarias detectadas en cribado poblacional de cáncer de mama mediante mamografía, Introducción, Pruebas utilizadas en el diagnóstico inicial de lesiones de mama detectadas en mamografía, Lesión palpable, Lesión no palpable, Nuevos instrumentos de biopsia histológica por punción, Fuentes de la presente revisión, Biopsia histológica por punción mediante estereotaxia, Biopsia histológica por punción vs. otros procedimientos de diagnóstico de lesiones mamarias, Biopsia histológica por punción vs. punción por aspiración, Biopsia histológica por punción vs. biopsia histológica por punción; biopsia múltiple, Biopsia histológica por punción vs. cirugía escisional, Limitaciones de la evidencia sobre la exactitud diagnóstica, Limitaciones en la evidencia de su efectividad terapéutica, Limitaciones de la biopsia histológica por punción, Informe del US Joint Task Force, Sistema de biopsia por punción asistida por vacío Descripción técnica, Resultados, Sistema ABBI (Advanced Breast Biopsy Instrumentation), Descripción técnica, Resultados, Limitaciones de la utilidad clínica del ABBI, Exactitud diagnóstica, Sesgos de los estudios de exactitud diagnóstica, Características tisulares y condicionantes diagnósticos, Manejo de casos dudosos, Consideraciones técnicas del procedimiento, Evitar procedimientos ulteriores, Consideraciones en torno al seguimiento de casos, Complicaciones encontradas, Conclusiones, Estándar de diseño de investigación de la exactitud de pruebas diagnósticas, Términos sinónimos relativos a las técnicas diagnósticas para la caracterización de las lesiones de mama Bibliografía, Bibliografía no citada en el texto

Associations between chronic conditions, body functions, activity limitations and participation restrictions: a cross-sectional approach in Spanish non-clinical populations

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relationships between chronic conditions, body functions, activity limitations and participation restrictions in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: 2 geographical areas in the Autonomous Region of Aragon, Spain, namely, a rural area, Cinco Villas, and an urban area in the city of Zaragoza. PARTICIPANTS: 864 individuals selected by simple random sampling from the register of Social Security card holders, aged 50 years and over, positive to disability screening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ICF Checklist-body function domains, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0, 36-item (WHODAS-36)) global scores and medical diagnoses (chronic conditions) from primary care records. RESULTS: Mild disability (WHODAS-36 level 5-24%) was present in 51.5% of the sample. In the adjusted ordinal regression model with WHODAS-36 as the dependent variable, disability was substantially associated with moderate-to-complete impairment in the following functions: mental, OR 212.8 (95% CI 72 to 628.9); neuromusculoskeletal, OR 44.8 (24.2 to 82.8); and sensory and pain, OR 6.3 (3.5 to 11.2). In the relationship between health conditions and body function impairments, the strongest links were seen for: dementia with mental functions, OR 50.6 (25.1 to 102.1); cerebrovascular disease with neuromusculoskeletal function, OR 5.8 (3.5 to 9.7); and chronic renal failure with sensory function and pain, OR 3.0 (1.49 to 6.4). Dementia, OR 8.1 (4.4 to 14.7) and cerebrovascular disease, OR 4.1 (2.7 to 6.4) were associated with WHODAS-36 scores. CONCLUSIONS: Body functions are heterogeneously linked to limitations in activities and restrictions on participation, with the highest impact being due to mental and musculoskeletal functions. This may be relevant for disability assessment and intervention design, particularly if defined on a body function basis. Control of specific health conditions, such as dementia and cerebrovascular disease, appears to be paramount in reducing disability among persons aged 50 years and over.This study was funded by the Carlos III Institute of Health (EPI projects 1637/06 and 1530/07; Health Research Fund grants PI06/1098 and PI07/90206), Convenio Marco IMSERSO-ISCIII reference number STVI 1282/ 15, Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED), Zaragoza Regional Authority and Farasdués Foundation.S

ICF-Based Disability Survey in a Rural Population of Adults and Older Adults Living in Cinco Villas, Northeastern Spain: Design, Methods and Population Characteristics

Background: This article describes the methods of a door-to-door screening survey exploring the distribution of disability and its major determinants in northeastern Spain. This study will set the basis for the development of disability-related services for the rural elderly in northeastern Spain. Methods: The probabilistic sample was composed of 1,354 de facto residents from a population of 12,784 Social Security card holders (age: 6 50 years). Cognitive and disability screenings were conducted (period: June 2008-June 2009). Screening instruments were the MMSE and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Participants screened positive for disability underwent an assessment protocol focusing on primary care diagnoses, disability, lifestyle, and social and health service usage. Participants screened positive for cognitive functioning went through in-depth neurological evaluation. Results: The study sample is described. Usable data were available for 1,216 participants. A total of 625 individuals (51.4%) scored within the positive range in the disability screening, while 135 (11.1%) scored within the positive range of the cognitive screening. The proportion of positively screened individuals was higher for women and increased with age. Conclusions: Screening surveys represent a feasible design for examining the distribution of disability and its determinants among the elderly. Data quality may benefit from methodological developments tailored to rural populations with a low education level. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Base

Spinal Cord Injury due to Tumour or Metastasis in Aragón, Northeastern Spain (1991–2008): Incidence, Time Trends, and Neurological Function

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Purpose. Understanding the presentation of spinal cord injury (SCI) due to tumours considering population distribution and temporal trends is key to managing SCI health services. This study quantified incidence rates, function scores, and trends of SCI due to tumour or metastasis over an 18-year time period in a defined region in Spain. Methods. A retrospective cohort study included in-and outpatients with nontraumatic SCI due to tumour or metastasis admitted to a metropolitan hospital in Spain between 1991 and 2008. Main outcome measures were crude and age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates, tumour location and type, distribution by spinal level, neurological level of injury, and impairment ASIA scores. Results. Primary tumour or metastasis accounted for 32.5% of nontraumatic SCI with an incidence rate of 4.1 per million population. Increasing rates with age and over time were observed. Major pathology groups were intradural-extramedullary masses from which meningiomas and neurinomas accounted for 40%. Lesions were mostly incomplete with predominant ASIA Grade D. Conclusions. Increasing incidence rates of tumour-related SCI over time in the middle-aged and the elderly suggest a growing need for neurooncology health resources in the future

Triboemission of FINE and ultrafine aerosol particles: A new approach for measurement and accurate quantification

This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 7th European Conference on Tribology (ECOTRIB2019).A dynamic model based on mass balance of fine aerosol particles was developed in order to tackle the problem of accurate quantification of mechanically stimulated particle emission (MSPE) from nanofunctionalized and solid lubricating materials. In contrast to the conventional approach, the model accounts for the effect of air turbulization caused by moving parts of the experimental tribological setup on the enhancement of particle deposition velocity. The increase of the velocity of the moving parts results in an increase of the deposition velocity that leads to a significant underestimation of experimentally measured particle emission rates. The developed model was experimentally verified using natural and artificial nanoparticle aerosols. Finally, the new methodology of particle emission rate quantification was employed for the analysis of fine particle emission produced when the solid lubricating materials were tested against a sliding steel surface. The developed method paves the way for defining a standard method of experimental assessment of nanoparticle triboemission enabling the experimental results obtained in various laboratories to be compared. It also bridges the gap between the phenomenological models and experimental measurements.This research was funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Grant Agreement No LIFE13 ENV/ES/001221 and by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the grants BIA2016-79582-R and EIN2019-102889 and Spanish National Research Council through the grant COOPB20363.Peer reviewe